Multidecadal Signal of Solar Variability in the Upper Troposphere During the 20th Century

Studies based on data from the past 25–45 years show that irradiance changes related to the 11-yr solar cycle affect the circulation of the upper troposphere in the subtropics and midlatitudes. The signal has been interpreted as a northward displacement of the subtropical jet and the Ferrel cell with increasing solar irradiance. In model studies on the 11-yr solar signal this could be related to a weakening and at the same time broadening of the Hadley circulation initiated by stratospheric ozone anomalies. Other studies, focusing on the direct thermal effect at the Earth’s surface on multidecadal scales, suggest a strengthening of the Hadley circulation induced by an increased equator-to-pole temperature gradient. In this paper we analyse the solar signal in the upper troposphere since 1922, using statistical reconstructions based on historical upper-air data. This allows us to address the multidecadal variability of solar irradiance, which was supposedly large in the first part of the 20th century. Using a simple regression model we find a consistent signal on the 11-yr time scale which fits well with studies based on later data. We also find a significant multidecadal signal that is similar to the 11-yr signal, but somewhat stronger. We interpret this signal as a poleward shift of the subtropical jet and the Ferrel cell. Comparing the magnitude of the two signals could provide important information on the feedback mechanisms involved in the solar climate relationship with respect to the Hadley and Ferrel circulations. However, in view of the uncertainty in the solar irradiance reconstructions, such interpretations are not currently possible.     

铷原子频率标准的计算机仿真与实验研究

针对被动型铷气泡频标的特点,分块建立了包括量子物理系统、压控晶振、倍频链路以及伺服环路在内的仿真模型,再将这些模型首尾相接起来,构建了铷气泡频标整个系统的闭环仿真模型。最后再利用模数混合仿真工具PSpice,分开环和闭环两种情况对铷气泡频标进行了仿真分析和实验验证。     

汽室型铷原子频标中微波腔的小型化

讨论了实现汽室型铷原子频标微波腔小型化的技术途径,给出了自主研制的小型化微波腔的三维仿真结果和外型结构,介绍了以新研制的小型微波腔为基础构成的小型化腔泡系统。小型化微波腔的研制成功,使整个物理系统的体积减小。在小型化的条件下,整机短期频率稳定度达到了国际同类产品水平。     

标准电池滞后效应的研究

根据电极过程动力学的基本原理,推导出在不同条件下标准电池电动势的表达式。对标准电池电动势——温度滞后及充放电后电池电压的滞后效应作了较深入的研究,对引起滞后的原因给出了理论解释。从而指出滞后效应与电池内在因素(杂质、晶体盐尺寸、电池结构、活性物质等)之间的依赖关系。因此,滞后效应的大小可作为判断电池性能优劣的主要依据。     

异型截面三维编织复合材料细观结构分析

阐述了异型截面三维编织物编织的基本原理,以"口"字型截面为例,系统地分析了携纱器在机器底盘上的运动规律以及纱线在面内和空间的交织运动规律.采用控制体积单元法建立了异型截面三维编织复合材料中除普通方型三维编织复合材料所具有的内胞、面胞和角胞外,在矩形与矩形相连区域的相连内部单胞、相连表面单胞和相连角单胞模型.这些单胞模型的表面与预制件的表面平行,有利于今后的力学性能分析.此外,在假设纱线具有椭圆形横截面的基础上,推导了编织工艺参数之间的数学关系,为进一步分析异型截面三维编织复合材料的力学性能奠定了基础.      

先进的大面积太阳电池阵电性能测试系统

介绍一种先进的大面积太阳电池阵电性能测试系统 ,它可用于卫星的太阳电池帆板电性能的测试 ,也可用于地面或其他领域中使用的太阳电池阵或单个太阳电池的测试。其主要特点在于 :脉冲光源使光强达一个太阳常数 ,在直径 5m的测试面上 ,光照不均匀性± 3% ,计算机控制 ,测试过程完全自动化 ,多脉冲测试功能可解决太阳电池响应慢的问题。介绍了该系统在国内外的使用及发展情况及在我国空间太阳电池阵的测试中的应用。     

Fuel mass penalty due to generators and fuel cells as energy source of the all-electric aircraft

The paper presents the results of an assessment of the fuel mass penalty due to generators and fuel cell systems. Based on the simulation tool SysFuel, fuel mass penalties for different mission ranges and fuel cell architectures are calculated and compared to a conventional reference architecture. Different fuel cell architectures using ram air or cabin exhaust air and different options of energy recovery are considered. As a result of the studies, target values are presented for the mass to power ratio of fuel cell systems to achieve fuel mass reductions compared to conventional generator and auxiliary power unit systems.     

太阳电池阵瞬态非线性温度场的精细算法

利用精细时程积分法和状态空间转移法 ,提出了计算空间飞行器太阳电池阵瞬态非线性温度场的非线性补偿法 ,它能够计算太阳电池阵在轨飞行时的温度场 ,具有收敛性好、稳定性好、计算精度逼近精确解、可以取较大的时间步长等特点     

虚拟匹配单元对力觉交互系统性能影响分析

讨论虚拟现实力觉交互系统中,阻抗再现方式下虚拟匹配单元对系统稳定性和透明性的影响.对不同的虚拟环境,根据弹簧单元和阻尼单元的不同物理性质,将其与虚拟环境串联或并联,作为连接操作端与虚拟端的双端口系统;对于单自由度力觉交互系统,当虚拟环境驱动点为弹簧元素时,以串联弹簧单元和串联阻尼单元为例,通过对附加虚拟匹配单元后的系统性能评价,及与原系统的比较,分析了虚拟匹配单元对系统性能尤其是稳定性的影响,仿真和分析结果吻合较好.在力觉交互控制系统设计中,可根据需要选择不同的虚拟匹配单元以提高系统的稳定性.      

InxGa1-xAs材料在多结空间太阳电池中的应用进展

In_xGa_(1-x)As材料具有独特的物理特性,可以通过调节In和Ga的组分来改变材料的带隙宽度Eg。该材料自进入多结空间太阳电池领域以来,就受到了广泛的关注。因此,In_xGa_(1-x)As材料有望成为未来多结空间太阳电池领域中的重要研究对象。本文首先介绍了InGaAs材料的生长工艺及其在多结空间太阳电池领域中的应用情况和研究现状,同时讨论了材料的外延生长工艺以获得高质量含InGaAs材料的多结太阳电池。此外,介绍了近年来InGaAs材料在高效多结空间太阳电池领域的研究进展,并对其抗辐照性能进行了简述。大量研究表明:InGaAs材料的使用可以进一步提升多结空间太阳电池的光电转换效率,达到提升卫星有效载荷的目的。